![]() A proposed model for the mode of action of taurine on the IP3 pathway. This coupled with the above results suggest that taurine may reduce the basal level or Glu-induced increase of poly-PI turnover through its inhibitory effect on PLC via inhibitory G-proteins e.g. The results show that taurine reduces the production of basal level of n by 20% (column 3) and Glu-stimulated increase of n production by 40% (column 4). The results are expressed as the ratio of n to. Phosphoinositides,, and inositol phosphates, n, were determined from the organic phase and aqueous phase, respectively as described. The cells were washed with fresh medium containing 2mM LiCl (to prevent IP 3 dephosphorylation) and exposed to either Glu, taurine, or carbachol (a muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist known to stimulate PLC), as indicated. Primary neuronal cultures in 35 mm dishes were first labeled with 8μCi of -inositol for 24 hours. The experiments were performed as described previously. Hydrolysis of to inositol phosphates, n, is an index of PLC activity. Briefly, 3H-inositol was used as precursor for -phosphoinositides (PI). The error bar indicates the standard deviation with N=3. The presence of metabotropic taurine receptors which are negatively coupled to phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway through inhibitory G proteins is proposed, and the evidence supporting this notion is also presented.Ī. Taurine exerts its neuroprotective functions against the glutamate induced excitotoxicity by reducing the glutamate-induced increase of intracellular calcium level, by shifting the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bad ratio in favor of cell survival and by reducing the ER stress. The neurotransmitter properties of taurine are illustrated by its ability to elicit neuronal hyperpolarization, the presence of specific taurine synthesizing enzyme and receptors in the CNS and the presence of a taurine transporter system. Taurine demonstrates multiple cellular functions including a central role as a neurotransmitter, as a trophic factor in CNS development, in maintaining the structural integrity of the membrane, in regulating calcium transport and homeostasis, as an osmolyte, as a neuromodulator and as a neuroprotectant.
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